Developing a Conceptual framework for exclusive spaces in coastal pre-urban areas: Coastal areas of Southern part of Caspian Sea: From Sari to Mahmoud Abad

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The diverse forces for location of coastal lands and the complexity of different and contradictory interests of these spaces asked new public management to cooperate with public sector and this was the beginnings of privatization of coastal lands. The review of experiences in different communities, shows the main discourses for creation of coastal exclusive spaces, including security, consumption and culture. This research aims to explore the categories of exclusive spaces in a case study and develop the current conceptual framework for the coastal exclusive spaces in pre-urban areas. With applying case study research strategy and the qualitative method approach, the documentary analysis method was used in which the coding technique analyzed the data, gathered from interviews, documents and local observation. It is found that security and culture does not make sense in the case study but for consumption, there is another category and that is the exclusive spaces created under the discourse of public good consumption with the support of governmental and state forces.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. حییم، سلیمان (1384)، فرهنگ جامع فارسی انگلیسی، چاپ نوزدهم، تهران: فرهنگ معاصر.
  2. شورت، جان؛ کیم، یونگ-هیون (1386)، جهانی‌شدن و شهر، ترجمۀ پوراحمد، ا؛ رستمی، ش، تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی، فرهنگ و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاد دانشگاهی.
  3. عمید، حسن (1364)، فرهنگ عمید، تهران: امیرکبیر.
  4. معین، محمد (1363)، فرهنگ معین فارسی، تهران: امیرکبیر.

 

  1. Aurigi and Graham )1997(, Virtual Cities, »Social Polarisation and the Crisis in Urban Public Space«, Journal of Urban Technology, 4(1)19-52
  2. Bagaeen, S )2010(, Gated Urban Life versus Kinship and Social Solidarity in the Middle East, Bagaeen, S. and Uduku, O., eds. Gated communities: Social sustainability in contemporary and historical gated developments. Earthscan, London.
  3. Banerjee, T) 2001(. the future of public space: beyond invented streets and reinvented places. APA journal, 67 (1): 9-24
  4. Baycan Levent, T, Gülümser, A )2005(, »Gated communities from the perspective of developers«. In Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society : 1–19.
  5. Bodnar, J )2015(,Reclaiming public space«, Urban studies, 2015, 52 (12) 2090-2104
  6. Brower D & Dreyfood W )1979(, Public access to ocean beaches: If you find a parking space, how do you get to the beach, Coastal Zone Management Journal, 5(1-2): 61-81
  7.  Carmona )2014(,  Re-Theorising Contemporary Public Space: A New Narrative and A New Normative, Journal of Urbanism: International Research On Place making and Urban Sustainability, 8 (4) 373-405
  8. Carmona, M, Heath, T, taner, O, Tiesdell, S) 2003(, public places urban space, The dimensions of urban design, Architectural place,
  9. Cartlidge, N )2011(, »Whose Beach is it Anyway?«, Towards Liveable Cities and Better Communities. Smart Vision International, Perth, Western Australia, 26-27 September, Australia.
  10. Ellin, J (2006), »Gated communities and housing projects: the control of public space in San Juan«, Southern Geographer, 49( 4)54-75
  11. Ellin, N )1997(, Post Modern Urbanism, New York: Princeton University Press.
  12. Erkip, F (2005), The rise of the shopping mall in Turkey: the use and appeal of a mall in Ankara, Cities, 22( 2),  89–108
  13. European Commission, Eurostat (2010(, Statistics Explained: Coastal Region Statistics. Retrieved from: Coastal_regions_statistics.  
  14. Gezici, F, Cekic, Tuba Inal )2009(, Gated communities leading the development on the periphery of Istanbul metropolitan area, A| Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture , 6 ( 2), 73-95.
  15. Glasze, G., Alkhayyal, A )2002(, Gated Housing Estates in the Arab World: case studies in Lebanon and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29(3): 321-336
  16. Godfrey, B, Arguinzoni, O )2012(, »Regulating Public Space On the Beachfronts of Rio De Janeiro«, The Geographical Review 120(1):17-34
  17. Healey p )1995(, Managing cities, the new urban context, political science.
  18. Kirby, A )2008(, »The production of private space and its implications for urban social relations«, Political Geography 27: 74-95
  19. Kheyroddin, R, Hedayatifard, M (2017), The production of exclusive spaces in coastal pre-urban areas: Causes and motivations: Middle shoreline of Caspian Sea in north of Iran, Coastal Conservation 21(3): 333-341.
  20. Kheyroddin, R, Hedayatifard, M (2017), From Social Segregation to Exclusive Public Shoreline Access: Coastal Gated Communities on the Middle Shoreline of the Caspian Sea in Northern Iran, urban Planning and Development 143(3):12-24.
  21. Kohn, M )2004(, Brave New Nighborhood: The Privatization of Public Space, New York: Routledge
  22. Low, S )2006(,  The Erosion of Public Space and the Public Realm:  paranoia, surveillance and privatization in New York City, City and society, 8 (1) :43-49
  23. Madden, D. J)2010(.  Revisiting the End of Public Space: Assembling the Public in an Urban Park. City & Community, 9 (2) 187–207.
  24. Magalhaes, C, Carmona, M )2010(,  Dimensions and models of contemporary public space management in England, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 52(1), 111-129,
  25. Magalhaes, J, Trigo, F )2016(,  Clubification’ of urban public spaces? The withdrawal or the re-definition of the role of local government in the management of public spaces , Journal of Urban Design,   22 (6)   738-756
  26. Mitchell, D )2003(. The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York: The Guilford Press.
  27. Nemeth, J., and S. Schmidt. (2011).  The Privatization of Publicness: Modelling and Measuring Publicness, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 38 (1)  5–23.
  28. Newman O )1995(,  Defensible space: a new physical planning tool for urban revitalization, Journal of the American Planning Association, 61, 149 – 155.
  29. Oh, Ch. Draper,J, Dixon,A (2009), »Assessing Tourist’s Multi-attribute Preferences for public beach access«, coastal management, 37( 2)119-135.
  30. Pogue P, Lee, V )1999(, »Providing Public Access to the Shore: The Role of Coastal Zone Management Programs«, Coastal Management, 27(2-3), 219-237.
  31. Pow, Ch )2013(, »Consuming private security: Consumer citizenship and defensive urbanism in Singapore«, theoretical criminology, 17 (2)  179-196.
  32. Schmidt, V (2005). Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and Discourse«, the Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 303–26.
  33. Sorkin, M., ed. )1992(, Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space. New York: Hill and Wang.
  34. Staeheli, L. A., and D. Mitchell )2007(, »Locating the Public in Research and Practice«, Progress in Human Geography 31 (6), 792–811.
  35. Tonnelat, S )2010(, the sociology of urban public spaces, In Wang, Savy and Zhai (eds.), Territorial Evolution and Planning Solution: Experiences from China and France, Paris, Atlantis Press.
  36. Vistad O, Skår M, Wold L, Mehmetoglu M) 2013(,  Balancing public access and privacy in developed coastal zones: Factors influencing attitudes towards potential management options, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 3-4: 7–18.
  37. Voyce, M )2006(, »Shopping Malls in Australia: The End of Public Space and the Rise of ‘Consumerist Citizenship?, Journal of Sociology, 42 (3), 269–286.
  38. Zaireen, Z, Norhidayah, M, Razali, M, Maslinda. A, Lussin, K, Zakaria, S )2015(,  The Typology of Gated Communities from Housing Developers’ Perspective, Advanced Science Letters, 21(5), 1247-1250.
Town and Country Planning
Volume 9, Issue 2
Autumn & Winter
April 2017
Pages 303-332

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 July 2017
  • Revise Date: 25 October 2017
  • Accept Date: 03 October 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics