An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Caspian Sea Ports on the Enhancement of Iran’s Spatial Structure Interconnection

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

With a growth rate higher than global GDP, exports, etc., Marine business (especially container transport) has had great effects on the spatial structure of different regions and areas. Ports have an important role in this regard, because they are the main gates of goods import and export in a country. This study explores the structure and interconnection of Iran’s northern ports (on Caspian  Sea) with the ports of other countries neighboring Caspian  Sea due to the great importance of marine transportation and its effectiveness on Iran’s spatial structure interconnection. In order to examine the evolution of the spatial interconnection network structure of Iran’s northern ports at local and international level between the years 1989 to 2019, the model used in this study analyzed the passenger and goods transportation among Caspian  Sea ports of Iran and those of other countries around Caspian  Sea using UCINET software. The results showed that the interconnection of goods and passenger transportation in Iran’s northern provinces (in general) and Iran’s ports on Caspian  Sea (in particular) is not in good conditions. In fact, the connection between Iran and other countries neighboring Caspian  Sea is not so high except for scarce, insignificant cases (i.e., connection with Russia through Amirabad port), and the spatial interconnection of other borders of Iran, especially the southern coastline, is much higher than that of Caspian  Sea coastline.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

داداش‌پور، هاشم؛ مجتبی آراسته (1396). «واکاوی روابط فضایی در بنادر جنوبی ایران و حوزه‌های پس‌کرانة آن، ارائة یک نظریة زمینه‌ای (مطالعة موردی: مثلت فضایی شیراز، بندرعباس، و بوشهر)»، نشریة دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، د 21، ش 3، ص 145 ـ 187.
زبردست، اسفندیار (1388). «بررسی تحولات نخست‌شهری در ایران»، دانشکدة شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، ش 29، بهار، دانشگاه تهران.
فرهودی، رحمت‌الله؛ حسن وطن؛ محمد اخباری؛ رحیم سرور (1396). «تحلیل فضایی‌ـ زمانی پراکنده‌رویی در منطقة ساحلی دریای خزر»، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری، د 5، ش 1، ص 35 ـ 52.
کلانتری، خلیل (1387). پردازش و تحلیل داده‌ها در تحقیقات اجتماعی‌ـ اقتصادی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS، تهران، فرهنگ صبا.
محمدی، جمال؛ اکرم تفکری (1394). «تحلیل نظام بنادر شمال کشور در راستای توسعة منطقه‌ای»، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، د 47، ش 2، ص 281 ـ 295.
ملک‎زاده، ندا؛ هاشم داداش‌پور؛ مجتبی رفیعیان (1400). «فرامطالعة مطالعات مرتبط با ساختار فضایی شهری و منطقه‌ای در ایران در بازة زمانی 1380 الی 1398»، معماری و شهرسازی ایران، د 12، ش 1، ص 37 ـ 57.
هودر، روبرت (1381). جغرافیای توسعه، ترجمة ناصر اقبالی و آنیتا هایراپطیان، تهران، مؤسسة نشر کلمه.
Birtchnell, T., Savitzky, S., & Urry, B. (2015). Cargomobilities, Routledge, Moving Materials in a Global Age.
Dadashpoor, H. & Tadayon, S. (2015). “Identification of the homogeneous flow Zones based on Spatial Motilities and Trip Patterns in Tehran Metropolitan region”, Motaleate Shahri, 4 (14), pp. 61-76.
Dadashpour, H. & Arasteh, M. (2016). “Analysis of spatial relations in the southern ports of Iran and its coastal areas; Presenting a contextual theory: a case study of the spatial analogy of Shiraz, Bandar Abbas and Bushehr”, Tarbiat Modares University Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 145-187. (in Persian)
-------------------------------------. (2018). “Analysis of the Spatial Interaction between the Iranian Southern Ports and the Regional Hinterland Cities”, Town and Country Planning, 10 (2), pp. 193-223. Retrieved from https://jtcp.ut.ac.ir/article_69586_379054ab50718020b5db6a9e4196757a.pdf. doi:10.22059/jtcp.2019.259135.669869
------------------------------------. (2019). analysis of the spatial interaction between the Iranian Southern ports and the regional hinterland cities.
Davoudi, S. (2003). “Polycentricity in European spatial planning: from an analytical tool to a normative agenda”, European Planning Studies, 11, pp. 979-999.
Derudder, B. & Witlox, F. (2010). Commodity Chains and World Cities, Wiley-Blackwell.
Dick, H. & Rimmer, P.J. (1993). “The trans-Pacific economy: a network approach to spatial structure”, Asian Geogr, 12 (1–2), pp. 5–17.
Ducruet, C. (2016a). “The polarization of global container flows by interoceanic canals: geographic coverage and network vulnerability”, Marit, Policy Manag, 43 (2), pp. 242–260.
Ducruet, C. (2016b). “Transport networks. International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology: People, the Earth”, Environment and Technology, pp. 1-7.
Ducruet, C. (2017). “Multilayer dynamics of complex spatial networks: The case of global maritime flows (1977–2008)”, Journal of Transport Geography.
Ducruet, C., Cuyala, S., & El Hosni, A. (2018). “Maritime networks as systems of cities: The long-term interdependencies between global shipping flows and urban development (1890–2010)”, Journal of Transport Geography, 66, pp. 340-355.
Ducruet, C. & Notteboom, T. (2012). “The worldwide maritime network of container shipping: spatial structure and regional dynamics”, Global networks, 12 (3), pp. 395-423.
Ducruet, C., Rozenblat, C., & Zaidi, F. (2010). “Ports in multi-level maritime networks: evidence from the Atlantic (1996–2006)”, Journal of Transport Geography, 18 (4), pp. 508-518.Farhoudi, R., Watan, H., Akhbari, M., & Sarwar, R. (2016). “Spatio-Temporal Analysis of dispersion in the coastal area of the Caspian Sea”, Journal of Urban Planning Geography Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 35-52. (in Persian)
Hall, P. G. & Pain, K. (2006). The polycentric metropolis: learning from mega-city regions in Europe, London, Earth scan.
Hall, P. V. & Hesse, M. (2012). “Reconciling cities and flows in geography and regional studies”, in Cities, regions and flows (pp. 21-38), Routledge.
Hu, Z.-H., Liu, C.-J., & Tae-Woo Lee, P. (2020). Analyzing Interactions between Japanese Ports and the Maritime Silk Road Based on Complex Networks, Complexity, 2020.
Kalantari, Kh. (2008). Data Processing and Analysis in Socio-Economic Research Using SPSS Software, Tehran, Farhang Saba Publications. (in Persian)
Kaluza, P., Kölzsch, A., Gastner, M. T., & Blasius, B. (2010). “The complex network of global cargo ship movements”, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7 (48), pp. 1093-1103.
Laxe, F. G., Seoane, M. J. F., & Montes, C. P. (2012). “Maritime degree, centrality and vulnerability: port hierarchies and emerging areas in containerized transport (2008–2010)”, Journal of Transport Geography, 24, pp. 33-44.
Li, Z., Xu, M., & Shi, Y. (2015). “Centrality in global shipping network basing on worldwide shipping areas”, GeoJournal, 80 (1), pp. 47-60.
Liu, C., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2018). “Spatial heterogeneity of ports in the global maritime network detected by weighted ego network analysis”, Maritime Policy & Management, 45 (1), pp. 89-104.
Liu, Ch., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2017). Spatial heterogeneity of ports in the global maritime network detected by weighted egonetwork analysis, Maritime Policy & Management.
Malekzadeh, N., Dadashpour, H., & Rafieian, M. (1400). “A meta-study of studies related to urban and regional spatial structure in Iran in the period 1380 to 1398”, Iranian Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 37-57. (in Persian)
Mohamed-Chérif, F. & Ducruet, C. (2016). “Regional integration and maritime connectivity across the Maghreb seaport system”, Journal of Transport Geography, 51, pp. 280-293.
Mohammadi, J. & Tashkhani, A. (2014). “Analysis Of The Port System In The North Of The Country In The Direction Of Regional Development”, Human Geography Research Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 281-295. (in Persian)
Ng, A. K., Ducruet, C., Jacobs, W., Monios, J., Notteboom, T., Rodrigue, J.-P., & Wilmsmeier, G. (2014). “Port geography at the crossroads with human geography: between flows and spaces”, Journal of Transport Geography, 41, pp. 84-96.
Ng, A.K.Y. & Ducruet, C. (2014). “The changing tides of port geography (1950–2012)”, Prog. Hum. Geogr, 38 (6), pp. 785–823.
Notteboom, T. E. & Rodrigue, J.-P. (2005). “Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development”, Maritime Policy & Management, 32 (3), pp. 297-313.
O’Connor, K. (2010). “Global city regions and the location of logistics activity”, Journal of Transport Geography, 18 (3), pp. 354-362.
Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran (2015). Retrieved from https://www.pmo.ir/. (in Persian)
Rimmer, P. J. (2007). Port dynamics since 1965: Past patterns, current conditions and future directions.
Robinson, R. (2002). “Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm”, Marit. Policy Manag, 29 (3), pp. 241–255.
Rodrigue, J. & Browne, M. (2008). International maritime freight movements, Teoksessa Knowles, R., Shaw, J. & I. Docherty (toim.): Transport geographies–Mobilities, flows and spaces, 156-178. In: Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Rodrigue, J.-P. & Notteboom, T. (2010). “Comparative North American and European gateway logistics: the regionalism of freight distribution”, Journal of Transport Geography, 18 (4), pp. 497-507.
Tovar, B., Hernandez, R., & Rodriguez-Deniz, H. (2015). “Container port competitiveness and connectivity: the Canary Islands main ports case”, Transp. Policy, 38, pp. 40–51.
Wang, Y. & Cullinane, K.P.B. (2014). “Traffic consolidation in East Asian container ports: a network flow analysis”, Transp. Res, A 61, pp. 152–163.
Zabrdast, E. (2009). “A Study of the First Urban Developments in Iran”, Faculty of Urban Planning, Campus of Fine Arts, No. 29, Spring, University of Tehran, Organization of Iran (2015), Retrieved from https://www.pmo.ir/. (in Persian)
Zhi-Hua Hua, Chan-Juan Liua, Wanting Chena, You-Gan Wangb, & Chen Weia (2019). Maritime convection and fluctuation between Vietnam and China: A datadriven study, Research in Transportation Business & Management.
Town and Country Planning
Volume 15, Issue 1
Spring & Summer
April 2023
Pages 73-86

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 August 2022
  • Revise Date: 13 November 2022
  • Accept Date: 15 November 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics