Environmental Affecting Factors on the Formation and Expansion of New Start-Ups in North Khorasan Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Regional Planning, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jtcp.2026.403622.670526

Abstract

Start-up businesses play an essential role in creating employment and increasing production, while various factors are effective in their expansion at both the micro and macro levels. In the present study, factors affecting the distribution of new and smart businesses in North Khorasan region were investigated using arc map software and GWR method. The distribution of startups was considered as a dependent variable, and indicators (village, rain, land use, soil fault, rail) were treated as independent variables. The statistical population included all the companies based in North Khorasan province. The results of the GWR model showed that the investigated indicators in the northern parts of the studied area of Raz and Jerglan had negative spatial autocorrelation, while in the southern and southwestern parts of Jajarm and Garmeh, they had moderate autocorrelation. In the city of Garmeh, there has been weak autocorrelation. Similarly,  in the city of Faruj, the red color indicates that  there has been a negative spatial autocorrelation between startups and measured indicators. Based on the frequency index of clusters or start-ups in the cities of Esfrain, Bojnord, and Shirvan, there is also a positive and moderate spatial autocorrelation between start-ups and the index (village, rain, land use, soil fault, rail). The findings indicate that these cities had a favorable environment for accepting start-ups and exhibited a correlation with the indicators stated within it.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Town and Country Planning
Volume 17, Issue 2
Autumn & Winter
October 2025
Pages 329-346

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History

  • Receive Date: 04 October 2025
  • Revise Date: 04 January 2026
  • Accept Date: 08 February 2026

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