Revisiting Green City Indicators: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi College, University of Tehran

10.22059/jtcp.2026.410689.670549

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically review the literature and propose a novel classification of key indicators for evaluating green cities. Given the abundance and dispersion of existing indicators, developing a coherent classification framework is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding and operationalization of the concept. 
Method: The research was conducted using a systematic review approach based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol Searches in domestic and international databases led to the identification of 35 relevant documents. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and the extracted indicators were refined, merged, and categorized in a three-stage process. 
Results: The analysis resulted in the identification of 23 key indicators, organized into a four-dimensional conceptual framework. Environmental-Ecological Dimension (7 indicators; e.g., air quality, waste management, and per capita green space).  Socio-Cultural Dimension (7 indicators; e.g., equitable access to parks and urban services, citizen participation, and preservation of cultural heritage). Physical-Infrastructural Dimension (5 indicators; e.g., public transportation, renewable energy, and pedestrian-oriented urban form).  Economic and Governance Dimension (4 indicators; e.g., green employment, strategic planning, and capital attraction). 
Conclusion: The findings confirm that the concept of a "green city" is multidimensional, integrated, and balanced, requiring simultaneous attention to four pillars: environmental, social, physical, and governance. The proposed framework can serve as a strategic tool for planners, urban managers, and researchers in formulating policies, evaluating performance, and conducting comparative studies. This research emphasizes the necessity of moving beyond a one-dimensional perspective and adopting a holistic approach in the pursuit of sustainable urban development.

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References

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Town and Country Planning
Volume 17, Issue 2
Autumn & Winter
October 2025
Pages 267-278

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 February 2026
  • Revise Date: 17 February 2026
  • Accept Date: 17 February 2026

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