ارزیابی آثار تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر خدمات اکوسیستم بر اساس مدل InVEST (مطالعة موردی: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه مهندسی محیط‏زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

بارزترین نمونة فعالیت‏های انسان در سرزمین، به دلیل افزایش جمعیت و نیاز به توسعه، تغییرات کاربری اراضی است که منجر به تغییر در تدارک خدمات اکوسیستم می‏شود. بدین منظور، مطالعة حاضر با هدف ارزیابی کمّی ظرفیت ذخیرة کربن و کیفیت زیستگاه و نمایش توزیع فضایی آن‌ها برای دستیابی به پایداری اجتماعی‌ـ اکولوژیکی، استفادة پایدار از منابع زمین، و تدوین برنامه‏ها و سیاست‏های مناسب در برنامه‏های آمایشی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. مدل‏سازی خدمات اکوسیستمی منتخب با استفاده از مدل‏های نرم‏افزار InVEST و ظرفیت ارائة آن‌ها در طبقات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از آنالیز Zonal Statistics در محیط نرم‏افزار GIS محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد مناطق ذخیره‌سازی کربن با ارزش بسیار زیاد در مناطق با پوشش جنگلی متمرکز شده‌اند که ظرفیت جذب کربن قوی دارند و بزرگ‌ترین مخزن کربن در اکوسیستم‌ها هستند. به همین ترتیب در این مناطق نیز بالاترین کیفیت زیستگاه مشاهده شد و در مکان‏هایی که پوشش گیاهی تکه‏تکه شده و محیط اطراف آن با منابع تهدید انسانی اشغال شده است کیفیت زیستگاه کاهش یافته است. از نظر توزیع فضایی، ذخیرة کربن و کیفیت زیستگاه الگوی توزیع فضایی کم‌ـ بالاـ متوسط از شمال به جنوب را نشان دادند. نقشه‌های خدمات اکوسیستمی ایجادشده در این مطالعه می‌تواند در شناسایی مناطق بالقوة عرضة ذخیره‌سازی کربن و کیفیت زیستگاه مفید باشد و مبنای علمی را برای بحث بیشتر توسط سیاست‏گذاران دربارة برنامه‏ریزی کاربری زمین در آینده از منظر به حداقل رساندن تغییرات اقلیمی و افزایش تنوع‏زیستی فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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